Niacinamide 5%
A form of Vitamin B3 that reduces inflammation by enhancing function of the skin barrier, increasing resilience and moisture retention, and regulates oil production, preventing the overproduction of sebum, reducing the occurrence of acne breakouts.
Clindamycin 1%
A lincosamide antibiotic that targets acne-causing bacteria and reduces bacterial growth, resulting in the decreased frequency of acne breakouts and reduced inflammation.
Tretinoin / all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) 0.025%
A naturally occurring derivative of Vitamin A (or retinol) that aids in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. Administered topically to treat acne, photodamaged skin, and keratinisation disorders, including ichthyosis and keratosis follicularis, it reduces fine lines, hyperpigmentation, roughness, and laxity by increasing cell turnover.